Recruited atypical Ly6G+ macrophages license alveolar regeneration after lung injury

Long-lasting lung damage can result from respiratory virus infections, but it is unclear how particular lung myeloid cell types support the healing process following an infection. Ruscitti et al. discovered a unique population of Ly6G+ monocyte-derived macrophages that appear during the early healing phase following virally-induced lung damage using a mouse model of influenza A virus infection. Short-lived and highly phagocytic, Ly6G+ lung macrophages were seen populating the alveoli in perilesional zones that were undergoing regeneration. After contracting influenza, mice that were genetically modified to lack lung Ly6G+ macrophages showed reduced epithelial regeneration. Collectively, these data reveal a population of reparative lung macrophages that were not previously recognized and which may be therapeutically targeted to treat lung injury. — Claire Olingy

Abstract

The lung is continuously exposed to particles and microorganisms in the air that might harm the alveoli. Therefore, proper repair reactions are necessary for life and gas exchange. Here, we unraveled the spatiotemporal trajectory and role of an abnormal macrophage population following lung damage. Short-lived monocyte-derived Ly6G-expressing macrophages (Ly6G+ Macs) were drawn to the alveoli of lung perilesional regions following influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Ly6G+ Macs displayed a strong metabolic potential, ingested immune cells, and grouped with AT2s (alveolar type 2 epithelial cells) in areas where epithelial regeneration was occurring. Ly6G+ Macs were necessary for AT2-dependent alveolar regeneration and partially reliant on granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 receptor signaling. Similar macrophages were drawn from the airspaces of patient lungs as well as from other damage models.

The development of a novel micro micro microphone that aids in post-AIDS/HIV rehabilitation

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